October 9, 2006
Bob Bogard
The effects of stereotyping, self-esteem, and locus of control on hippocampus volume, memory, and other cognitive processes
There is a reason that these two articles are best viewed as interactive with each other. Each, individually, can be summarized to show its separate effects of these three most important variables on memory and other cognitive processes.
However, if you put them both together, they interact to show a much richer view of how important sociological, psychological, and physiological effects can go together. All of them must be considered important to memory and other cognitive processes.
Successful aging: from cell to self
This article contains a historical review of how old stereotypes of aging can be very harmful to any senior citizen who accepts them at face value. Lupien shows that even the elderly often hold these negative stereotypes of what aging means. The data indicate that negative stereotyping by older people is important to the older individual’s self-concept, and how he or she views what they are now capable of achieving.
There is an alternative, positive way of seeing the ability of many of the elderly to achieve “successful aging”. He or she needs to put more emphasis on how much individuals differ from the average achievements of different age groupings. Successful aging involves a review of negative stereotyping that is based on the normative studies on aging, memory, and cognition. It does not give a complete view of the aging individual. It does not give a complete view of how each of these individuals can achieve so that they become above-average when they are compared to the average of either the elderly or even the younger population.
The successfully aging individual needs to go beyond normative data that emphasizes the average achievement with regard to memory and other cognitive processes. To view oneself as aging successfully there are three ways of the individual comparing himself to the mean in normative studies comparing the young to the old.
The individual can consider himself to be successfully aging when he is above the average in terms of the aging population, the average achievements of the younger population, and/or above the mean when compared to achievement while controlling all of the other relevant factors that predict memory or other cognitive processes.
Successful individualism can counter the effects of ageism.
SELF-ESTEEM, LOCUS OF CONTROL, HIPPOCAMPUS VOLUME, AND CORTISOL REGULATION IN YOUNG AND OLD ADULTHOOD
In this article Pruessener explores how the young and the old sometimes differ on both psychological and physiological variables. He also shows that there is often an overlap between young and old in some variables; age is not always an important differential factor.
The main point of the article is that age is not the sole factor in how and why the different groups differ in cognitive skills. He attempts to show that some of the so called effects of aging can also be explained by other variables that differently affect young and old.
Young and old, individually, show differences in psychological variables such as self-esteem and locus of control. These, in term, correlate with both hippocampus volume and cognitive processing. How younger and older individuals believe that they are in control of their own destiny (internal locus of control) affects how they behave while competing in testing of cognitive processes. It is an important advantage to either the young and/or the old that they operate under conditions of internal locus of control and increased self-esteem.
This is one of the most interesting effects, and it is a crucial factor in memory and other cognitive abilities. Psychological variables such as self-esteem and the belief that you are in control of yourself as opposed to the belief that others are in control of your actions and re-actions make a key difference in performance. So these variables are an important part of successful aging.
Correlations indicate that these variables interact with a crucial variable in memory and other cognitive abilities. The hippocampus is subject to the harmful effects of high levels of cortisol. If prolonged, this can lead to decreases in hippocampus volume.
Structural MRI results indicate that that there is a link between these psychological traits in older individuals (self-esteem and locus of control) and the increasingly high levels of cortisol. In turn, high cortisol levels have harmful effects on the size of the hippocampus. This leads to the loss of cells from the hippocampus, and this has its own negative effects on cognitive processes.
This article is especially important because it may show a causative relationship between psychological and physiological variables that affect the older individual’s memory and cognitive processes. It also emphasizes the ability of older people to change important psychological variables in pursuit of successful aging.
What are the combined research and practical indications from reading both of these two articles?
Taken separately these two articles explore the differences between younger and older people on memory and other cognitive abilities. Taken separately, these two articles indicate how to achieve “Successful Aging”.
However, the first article emphasizes the importance of social-psychological variables involving historically negative stereotypes of aging. While this article also gets into self-esteem, regarding the acceptance of these negative stereotypes of aging by older people, it doesn’t explore the importance of self-esteem on a crucial physical and physiological variable – hippocampus volumes.
While the second article mentions the importance of social-psychological variables to self-esteem in older individuals, it emphasizes the importance of self-esteem and internal locus of control on the hippocampus volume.
The hippocampus volume is one of the most important physical and: physiological variables when it comes to memory and cognitive processes. So, both articles are important in and of themselves; but together they form a broader view of so many interactive correlations.
Both articles, together, add up to more than the sum of the two. The combination of social-psychological variables (negative stereotyping), psychological variables (such as self- esteem, and locus of control), and physical and/or physiological variables (hippocampus volume), all have their own impact on memory and cognitive processes.
I thought both articles were interesting and important to anyone who hopes to achieve “successful aging”.
Bob Bogard
The effects of stereotyping, self-esteem, and locus of control on hippocampus volume, memory, and other cognitive processes
There is a reason that these two articles are best viewed as interactive with each other. Each, individually, can be summarized to show its separate effects of these three most important variables on memory and other cognitive processes.
However, if you put them both together, they interact to show a much richer view of how important sociological, psychological, and physiological effects can go together. All of them must be considered important to memory and other cognitive processes.
Successful aging: from cell to self
This article contains a historical review of how old stereotypes of aging can be very harmful to any senior citizen who accepts them at face value. Lupien shows that even the elderly often hold these negative stereotypes of what aging means. The data indicate that negative stereotyping by older people is important to the older individual’s self-concept, and how he or she views what they are now capable of achieving.
There is an alternative, positive way of seeing the ability of many of the elderly to achieve “successful aging”. He or she needs to put more emphasis on how much individuals differ from the average achievements of different age groupings. Successful aging involves a review of negative stereotyping that is based on the normative studies on aging, memory, and cognition. It does not give a complete view of the aging individual. It does not give a complete view of how each of these individuals can achieve so that they become above-average when they are compared to the average of either the elderly or even the younger population.
The successfully aging individual needs to go beyond normative data that emphasizes the average achievement with regard to memory and other cognitive processes. To view oneself as aging successfully there are three ways of the individual comparing himself to the mean in normative studies comparing the young to the old.
The individual can consider himself to be successfully aging when he is above the average in terms of the aging population, the average achievements of the younger population, and/or above the mean when compared to achievement while controlling all of the other relevant factors that predict memory or other cognitive processes.
Successful individualism can counter the effects of ageism.
SELF-ESTEEM, LOCUS OF CONTROL, HIPPOCAMPUS VOLUME, AND CORTISOL REGULATION IN YOUNG AND OLD ADULTHOOD
In this article Pruessener explores how the young and the old sometimes differ on both psychological and physiological variables. He also shows that there is often an overlap between young and old in some variables; age is not always an important differential factor.
The main point of the article is that age is not the sole factor in how and why the different groups differ in cognitive skills. He attempts to show that some of the so called effects of aging can also be explained by other variables that differently affect young and old.
Young and old, individually, show differences in psychological variables such as self-esteem and locus of control. These, in term, correlate with both hippocampus volume and cognitive processing. How younger and older individuals believe that they are in control of their own destiny (internal locus of control) affects how they behave while competing in testing of cognitive processes. It is an important advantage to either the young and/or the old that they operate under conditions of internal locus of control and increased self-esteem.
This is one of the most interesting effects, and it is a crucial factor in memory and other cognitive abilities. Psychological variables such as self-esteem and the belief that you are in control of yourself as opposed to the belief that others are in control of your actions and re-actions make a key difference in performance. So these variables are an important part of successful aging.
Correlations indicate that these variables interact with a crucial variable in memory and other cognitive abilities. The hippocampus is subject to the harmful effects of high levels of cortisol. If prolonged, this can lead to decreases in hippocampus volume.
Structural MRI results indicate that that there is a link between these psychological traits in older individuals (self-esteem and locus of control) and the increasingly high levels of cortisol. In turn, high cortisol levels have harmful effects on the size of the hippocampus. This leads to the loss of cells from the hippocampus, and this has its own negative effects on cognitive processes.
This article is especially important because it may show a causative relationship between psychological and physiological variables that affect the older individual’s memory and cognitive processes. It also emphasizes the ability of older people to change important psychological variables in pursuit of successful aging.
What are the combined research and practical indications from reading both of these two articles?
Taken separately these two articles explore the differences between younger and older people on memory and other cognitive abilities. Taken separately, these two articles indicate how to achieve “Successful Aging”.
However, the first article emphasizes the importance of social-psychological variables involving historically negative stereotypes of aging. While this article also gets into self-esteem, regarding the acceptance of these negative stereotypes of aging by older people, it doesn’t explore the importance of self-esteem on a crucial physical and physiological variable – hippocampus volumes.
While the second article mentions the importance of social-psychological variables to self-esteem in older individuals, it emphasizes the importance of self-esteem and internal locus of control on the hippocampus volume.
The hippocampus volume is one of the most important physical and: physiological variables when it comes to memory and cognitive processes. So, both articles are important in and of themselves; but together they form a broader view of so many interactive correlations.
Both articles, together, add up to more than the sum of the two. The combination of social-psychological variables (negative stereotyping), psychological variables (such as self- esteem, and locus of control), and physical and/or physiological variables (hippocampus volume), all have their own impact on memory and cognitive processes.
I thought both articles were interesting and important to anyone who hopes to achieve “successful aging”.
posted by rremibgooglepages.com at 3:54 PM
0 Comments:
Post a Comment
<< Home